MPPT Circuit Using Time Exponential Rate Perturbation and Observation for Enhanced Tracking Efficiency for a Wide Resistance Range of Thermoelectric Generator

The thermoelectric generator (TEG) stands out among many energy harvesters due to its simple structure, small size, rich thermal energy, and the absence of pollution noise. However, previous studies have rarely probed into influence TEG internal resistances on extracting maximum power from TEGs, tracking efficiency is limited. By analyzing relationship between resistances, a time exponential rate perturbation observation (P&O) technology proposed achieve point (MPPT) for wide resistance range TEG. Using P&O, MPPT circuit observed change by comparing positive-channel metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) on-time perturbs adjusting negative-channel (NMOS) exponentially. was implemented in 110 nm complementary (CMOS) process. maintained high level 98.9 99.5%. applicable 1 12 Ω, which reflects an enhancement at least 2.2 times.